There are 13 essential vitamins that the body needs and they are broken into two types: water and fat soluble. Vitamins are organic substances required for normal cell function, growth and development. Water-soluble vitamins travel freely through the body, are absorbed directly by cells and excess amounts are usually excreted by the kidneys through urine. These vitamins should be taken in frequent and small doses. They are not as likely as fat soluble vitamins to reach toxic levels. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body’s cells and are not excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. They do not need to be taken as often but adequate amounts are needed. Taking too much can be toxic. They bind to fat in the stomach and are then stored in the liver for later use.
VITAMIN C
Ascorbic acid
Water soluble
Best plant food sources
Fruits: banana, cantaloupe, fruit and fruit juices (especially citrus), guava, kiwifruit, mango, papaya, strawberries, watermelon
Vegetables: bell peppers, cabbage family (Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cabbage), carrots, green leafy vegetables (kale, lettuce, mustard greens, spinach), potatoes, red chilies, tomatoes
Function in the body
Supports immune system
Metabolizes protein
Helps with absorption of iron
Helps the body make collagen which holds cells together, strengthens blood vessels, forms scar tissue and is a matrix for bone growth
Makes chemical messengers in the brain - serotonin and norepinephrine
Promotes healing
Antioxidant
Increases aerobic capacity and energy production
Health benefits
Lowers risk of cancer (mouth, colon, esophagus, lung, stomach and breast)
Lowers cholesterol
Prevents viral disease
Reduces infection, allergies, asthma
Reduces risk of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration
Lowers risk of cardiovascular disease
Symptoms of deficiency
Scurvy
Bleeding
Bruising
Joint pain
Hair and tooth loss
Fatigue
Gum bleeding
Groups at risk of being deficient
Smokers
People with certain cancers and kidney disease
Other notes
Best taken with Vitamin E for maximum free radical protection
Might interact with cancer treatment—chemotherapy and radiation